Beginners often make the mistake of either following advanced bodybuilder plans or incorporating precontest diet practises that simply don't apply to them. Here's one thing you must get straight: to build muscle, the body needs more energy (calories) than it burns each day. So skimping on carbohydrates, and even some dietary fat is a big mistake. That said, you need to consume 20-22 calories per pound of body-weight per day. For a 180-pound guy, that equals a daily intake of 3600-4000 calories.

Protein requirements are higher for bodybuilders, beginners included, than the average guy. The body uses protein to repair damaged muscle fibres and manufacture important growth-supporting hormones. If you hope to pack on serious muscle mass, you need to consume 1 gram of protein per pound of body-weight each day.

For a 180-pound male (82kg), that means 180 grams a day is the floor, but this figure can be higher depending on several factors. If you fail to grow on 1gram, or if you're sore for more than a couple of days after training, bump up your intake to 1.5grams - 270grams of protein per day for the 180 pounder. Most of that should come from whole food sources (see No.6), but it's also a good idea to supplement with 2-3 protein shakes a day.

You can't expect to hit the protein mark - 1-1.5 grams per pound of body-weight per day - and gain significant mass unless the protein you eat actually makes its way into your muscles. That's why eating six meals a day (vs 2-3) is a requirement. The more you spread out your protein intake each day, the easier it'll be to digest. A constant delivery of protein from every 2.5-3 hours also helps keep levels of cortisol (a muscle-wasting hormone) in check so you can maintain adequate levels of testosterone, the powerful hormone that influences muscle repair, the days of three square meals are a thing of the past if you want to build muscle and stay lean.

Not to be overlooked, especially in a world where going low-carb is a mainstay for shedding body-fat, are carbohydrates. If gaining mass is your goal, you need carbs (and plenty of them) to get your body growing. Carbs fuel your training, allowing you to push yourself harder and longer, and set off a hormonal mechanism in the body that drives amino acids from protein into muscle tissue to aid in repair and recovery. If you follow a low-carb diet, chances are you won't be able to train hard enough to stimulate hypertrophy, your energy balance will fall (see No. 1) and you'll fail to take advantage of carbohydrates' ability to help push protein into muscles. Start by consuming 2 grams of carbohydrates per pound of body-weight per day (360 grams for the 180-pounder) and go as high as 3.3 grams per pound (close to 600 grams for the 180-pound guy). The majority of your carbs should come from complex sources such as potatoes, whole-wheat breads and pastas, and oatmeal. Such carbohydrate choices are typically high in fibre.

As soon as you finish training, it's mealtime, with an emphasis on "fast foods." No more than 30 minutes after your workout, consume 40-60 grams of fast-digesting protein. This is when whey-based powders that can be easily mixed with water in a shaker cup reign supreme. Also eat 40-100 grams of fast-digesting carbs such as fat-free cookies, muffins, fruit, Gatorade or other high-carb drink. This fast-digesting combo of whey and simple carbs almost immediately reverses the muscle breakdown that results from intense training. It can also tilt your body's hormonal state from one in which muscle is under attack to one that supports the rebuilding process.

Talk to a dieting bodybuilder and he'll tell you how difficult it would be to hold on to muscle mass if red meat were completely eliminated from his diet. Red meat such as steak and lean ground beef tend to build muscle better than white meat like chicken or turkey. Some say it's the greater vitamin and mineral content, while others point out that red meat is dense in creatine (which boosts strength in the gym) and carnitine (which helps elevate testosterone levels). Or, it could be that a diet rich in red meat tends to provide adequate dietary fat, which also supports testosterone production in the body. Eating a lower-fat diet for a prolonged period, even if it's abundant in protein, carbs and total calories, may not support testosterone levels to the degree necessary for growth.

What you eat is the foundation of your diet, but supplements can enhance it. Once you have a solid nutrition regimen down, you can begin to add supps. They'll help you push muscle growth further than you could with just a solid eating plan. Start by using whey and casein protein powders. You should also consider taking a muitivita-min/mineral supplement, creatine (3-5 grams pre- and postworkout) and branched-chain amino acids (5-10 grams pre- and postworkout) to help you stay anabolic (in muscle-growth mode).

Every bodybuilder has experienced this at one time or another: Your schedule is so tight that you miss a couple of workouts in a row. To your great surprise, you don't shrink but rather seem to grow. Why? Recovery. The days off, along with adequate nutrition, allow the body to recover more fully from recent training sessions. The same is true for eating. It's a good idea to have a "cheat day" every 10-14 days and eat, in addition to what you normally do, a few things that aren't on the typical bodybuilding menu: ice cream, cake, fatty cuts of steak, pizza, fried food. Should you overdo it? Absolutely not. Yet taking a single day and switching to a fattier cut of steak, having a few rolls of white bread with dinner and ice cream for dessert, in addition to pizza earlier in the day, won't hurt. Just the opposite: It'll help in terms of muscle growth. Of course, the next day you'll need to get right back on your cleaner diet.

Conventional wisdom says you shouldn't train on a full stomach. But truth be told, eating a larger meal an hour or so preworkout allows you to train harder and supplies the body with ample carbs and protein that prevent muscle breakdown. Such a meal may cause the beginner to feel bloated, but in time your body will, adapt by secreting the digestive juices required to deal with the hefty influx of food. To start, eat a medium chicken breast and medium baked potato about two hours before hitting the gym. You'll protect your muscles from catabolism and experience an energy boost, which should allow you to train harder and longer.

While all the information bequeathed by pro bodybuilders is helpful, it's not to be copied. When it comes to mass-building, the best thing to do is create your own diet: 1-1.5 grams of protein and 2-3.3 grams of carbs per pound of body-weight per day split over six meals, with a larger meal before training and a whey shake with fast-acting carbs afterward. Adding mass is a process that takes time and consistency. Your best bet is to pay close attention to your own diet, weigh yourself every day and track that weight to make sure you're gaining roughly 1 pound every 5-10 days.